Was den Menschen zum Menschen macht

Bibliography — menschsein.ai English Section

9 Min. Lesezeit

Consolidated bibliography of the English-translated concept pages on menschsein.ai/en. Translations of German titles follow the Personseins-Ontologie translation table (971 term pairs, available as PDF on request).

Classical Sources

  • Aristotle: De anima III (Bekker pagination); Nicomachean Ethics II and VI; Metaphysics IV (principle of non-contradiction).
  • Aquinas, Thomas: Summa Theologiae I, q. 79, a. 4 – 6 (De potentiis intellectivis); I, q. 78 (De potentiis animae); I-II, q. 22 – 48 (De passionibus animae); I-II, q. 57 – 58 (De prudentia); De veritate q. 1, a. 1.
  • Augustine: De trinitate IX – X (CCSL 50/50A).
  • Boethius: Contra Eutychen et Nestorium (Liber de persona et duabus naturis), c. III. Loeb 74, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1973.
  • Bonaventure: Itinerarium mentis in Deum (1259); critical edition Quaracchi, Opera Omnia vol. V (1891); English: The Soul’s Journey into God, translated by Ewert Cousins. New York: Paulist 1978.

Substance-Ontological Personalism (20th and 21st Century)

  • Spaemann, Robert (2006): Persons. The Difference between “Someone” and “Something”. Translated by Oliver O’Donovan. Oxford: Oxford University Press (orig. Personen, Klett-Cotta 1996).
  • Spaemann, Robert (2000): Happiness and Benevolence. Translated by Jeremiah Alberg. Edinburgh: T & T Clark (orig. Glück und Wohlwollen, Klett-Cotta 1989).
  • Spaemann, Robert (2007): Love and the Dignity of Human Life. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
  • Wojtyła, Karol (1979): The Acting Person. Translated by Andrzej Potocki. Dordrecht: Reidel (orig. Osoba i czyn, 1969).
  • Pieper, Josef (1947 / 2011): Truth of All Things. An Inquiry into the Anthropology of the High Middle Ages. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press.
  • Pieper, Josef (1962 / 1997): Faith, Hope, Love. San Francisco: Ignatius.
  • Pieper, Josef (1964 / 1965): The Four Cardinal Virtues. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
  • Stein, Edith (2002): Finite and Eternal Being. Translated by Kurt F. Reinhardt. Washington, DC: ICS Publications (orig. 1950).
  • Wald, Berthold (2005): Substantialität und Personalität. Philosophie der Person in Antike und Mittelalter. Paderborn: Mentis.
  • Seifert, Josef (1989): Das Leib-Seele-Problem und die gegenwärtige philosophische Diskussion, 2nd ed. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
  • Stump, Eleonore (2003): Aquinas (Arguments of the Philosophers). London / New York: Routledge.
  • Eberl, Jason T. (2006): Thomistic Principles and Bioethics. London / New York: Routledge.
  • Pannenberg, Wolfhart (1985): Anthropology in Theological Perspective. Translated by Matthew J. O’Connell. Edinburgh: T & T Clark (orig. 1983).
  • van Inwagen, Peter (1990): Material Beings. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Phenomenological Personalism (Hildebrand-Scheler-Reinach Line)

  • Hildebrand, Dietrich von (2007): The Heart. An Analysis of Human and Divine Affectivity. Translated by John F. Crosby. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press (orig. Über das Herz, Habbel 1965).
  • Hildebrand, Dietrich von (2009): The Nature of Love. Translated by John F. Crosby. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press (orig. Das Wesen der Liebe, Habbel 1971).
  • Hildebrand, Dietrich von (2020): Ethics. Translated by John F. Crosby. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press (orig. Ethik, Kohlhammer 1953).
  • Scheler, Max (1954): The Nature of Sympathy. Translated by Peter Heath. London: Routledge (orig. Wesen und Formen der Sympathie, 1923).
  • Reinach, Adolf (1983): The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law. Translated by John F. Crosby. Aletheia 3: 1 – 142 (orig. 1913).
  • Husserl, Edmund (2001): Logical Investigations, 2 vols. Translated by J. N. Findlay. London: Routledge (orig. 1900 / 1901).

Transcendental Pragmatics and Discourse Ethics

  • Apel, Karl-Otto (1980): Towards a Transformation of Philosophy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul (orig. Transformation der Philosophie, Bd. II, Suhrkamp 1973).
  • Habermas, Jürgen (2003): Truth and Justification. Translated by Barbara Fultner. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (orig. Wahrheit und Rechtfertigung, Suhrkamp 1999).

Analytic Philosophy of Action and Responsibility

  • Anscombe, G. E. M. (1957 / 2000): Intention. Oxford: Basil Blackwell; reprint Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Frankfurt, Harry G. (1971): Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. The Journal of Philosophy 68(1): 5 – 20.
  • Strawson, Peter F. (1962): Freedom and Resentment. Proceedings of the British Academy 48: 1 – 25.
  • Wallace, R. Jay (1994): Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • McDowell, John (1994): Mind and World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Searle, John R. (1969): Speech Acts. An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Searle, John R. (1980): Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3(3): 417 – 457.
  • Brandom, Robert (1994): Making It Explicit. Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Williams, Bernard (2002): Truth and Truthfulness. An Essay in Genealogy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair (1981): After Virtue. A Study in Moral Theory. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Empirical-Functionalist Conception of Intelligence

  • Spearman, Charles (1904): General intelligence, objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology 15: 201 – 292.
  • McGrew, Kevin S. (2009): CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research. Intelligence 37(1): 1 – 10.
  • Sternberg, Robert J. (1985): Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
  • Gardner, Howard (2011): Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, 3rd ed. New York: Basic Books.

Computational Conception of Intelligence

  • Marr, David (1982): Vision. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
  • Russell, Stuart & Norvig, Peter (2020): Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th ed. Pearson.
  • Hutter, Marcus (2005): Universal Artificial Intelligence. Berlin: Springer.
  • Legg, Shane & Hutter, Marcus (2007): A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 157: 17 – 24.

Bearer-Differentiation: Animals, Cells, Swarms

  • de Waal, Frans (2016): Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? New York: Norton.
  • Andrews, Kristin (2020): The Animal Mind: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Animal Cognition, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
  • Levin, Michael & Dennett, Daniel (2020): Cognition all the way down. Aeon, 13 October 2020.
  • Levin, Michael (2024): Self-Improvising Memory: A Perspective on Memories as Agential, Dynamically Reinterpreting Cognitive Glue. Entropy 26(6): 481.
  • Godfrey-Smith, Peter (2016): Other Minds. The Octopus and the Evolution of Intelligent Life. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
  • Godfrey-Smith, Peter (2020): Metazoa: Animal Life and the Birth of the Mind. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
  • Seeley, Thomas D. (2010): Honeybee Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Couzin, Iain D. (2009): Collective cognition in animal groups. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13(1): 36 – 43.
  • Gordon, Deborah M. (2010): Ant Encounters: Interaction Networks and Colony Behavior. Princeton University Press.
  • Hauser, Marc D., Chomsky, Noam & Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2002): The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve? Science 298: 1569 – 1579.
  • Tomasello, Michael (2019): Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Carruthers, Peter (2008): Meta-cognition in animals: a skeptical look. Mind & Language 23(1): 58 – 89.
  • Frith, Chris D. (2012): The role of metacognition in human social interactions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 367: 2213 – 2223.

Brain Organoids and Synthetic Embryo Models

  • Kagan, Brett J. et al. (2022): In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world. Neuron 110(23): 3952 – 3969.e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.001.
  • Smirnova, Lena et al. (2023): Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish. Frontiers in Science 1, Art. 1017235.
  • Liu, Xiaodong et al. (2021): Modelling human blastocysts by reprogramming fibroblasts into iBlastoids. Nature 591: 627 – 632.
  • Oldak, Bernardo, Hanna, Jacob H. et al. (2023): Complete human day 14 post-implantation embryo models from naive ES cells. Nature 622: 562 – 573.
  • Tarazi, Shadi, Hanna, Jacob H. et al. (2022): Post-gastrulation synthetic embryos generated ex utero from mouse naive ESCs. Cell 185(18): 3290 – 3306.
  • Lovell-Badge, Robin et al. (2021): ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2021 update. Stem Cell Reports 16(6): 1398 – 1408.
  • Clark, Amander T. et al. (2021): Human embryo research, stem cell-derived embryo models and in vitro gametogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 16(6): 1416 – 1424.
  • Hyun, Insoo, Wilkerson, Amy & Johnston, Josephine (2016): Embryology policy: Revisit the 14-day rule. Nature 533: 169 – 171.
  • Lavazza, Andrea & Massimini, Marcello (2018): Cerebral organoids: ethical issues and consciousness assessment. Journal of Medical Ethics 44(9): 606 – 610.
  • Niikawa, Takuya, Hayashi, Yoshiyuki, Shepherd, Joshua & Sawai, Tsutomu (2022): Human Brain Organoids and Consciousness. Neuroethics 15: 5.
  • Sawai, Tsutomu et al. (2019): The Ethics of Cerebral Organoid Research: Being Conscious of Consciousness. Stem Cell Reports 13: 440 – 447.
  • Blackiston, Douglas, Kriegman, Sam, Bongard, Joshua & Levin, Michael (2023): Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field. Soft Robotics 10(4): 674 – 686.

Bioethics and Defense of Embryonic Personhood

  • George, Robert P. & Tollefsen, Christopher (2008): Embryo: A Defense of Human Life. New York: Doubleday.
  • Snead, O. Carter (2020): What It Means to Be Human. The Case for the Body in Public Bioethics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

AI Ethics — Critical and Constructive

  • Bender, Emily M., Gebru, Timnit, McMillan-Major, Angelina & Mitchell, Margaret (2021): On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big? In: Proceedings of FAccT 2021, pp. 610 – 623.
  • Marcus, Gary & Davis, Ernest (2019): Rebooting AI. Building Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust. New York: Pantheon.
  • Mitchell, Melanie (2019): Artificial Intelligence. A Guide for Thinking Humans. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
  • Damasio, Antonio (2003): Looking for Spinoza. Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain. Orlando: Harcourt.
  • Damasio, Antonio (2010): Self Comes to Mind. Constructing the Conscious Brain. New York: Pantheon.

Author’s Own Work

  • Bexten, Raphael E. (2017): Was ist menschliches Personsein? Der Mensch im Spannungsfeld von Personvergessenheit und unverlierbarer ontologischer Würde. Dissertation, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt.
  • Personseins-Ontologie (2026): a formal description-logic ontology developed by the author over the past decade, held privately as a long-term scholarly research instrument. The conceptual layer derived from the ontology is publicly accessible as 254 networked concept pages at menschsein.ai (six core pages on intelligence translated into English).
  • AEMAET (peer-reviewed journal in personalist philosophy, edited by R. E. Bexten): https://aemaet.de

A complete consolidated translation table of the German philosophical vocabulary into English (971 term pairs, drawn directly from the Personseins-Ontologie’s rdfs:label@de and skos:prefLabel@en entries) is available on request.

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